全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育1 《全新版大学英语综合教程》第一至四册课后答案和课文翻译.doc全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇扩展阅读下面是小编为大家整理的2023年度全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（全文完整）,供大家参考。
全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育1
《全新版大学英语综合教程》第一至四册课后答案和课文翻译.doc
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全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展1）
——全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免3篇
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免1
Part II Text A
lexf Organization
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon"s and Hitler"s military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.
Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon"s military campaign againstRussia
Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler"s military campaign against theSoviet Union
Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.
2.
Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas
Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler"s blitzkrieg againstRussiaand Stalin"s scorched earth policy
Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought atLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporter"s question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.
4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II.More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomy trenches ofFrance andBelgium.
2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It"s said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don"t sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. invasion 2. stand in the way
3. Conquest 4. catching... off his guard
5. launching 6. declaration
7. campaign 8. drag on
9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt
(B)
1. allow 2. reckoned
3. highly 4. forecasts
5. rapidly 6. instant
7. delivery 8. advantage
9. observing 10. Powerful
II. Translation
1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood commi* decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免2
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin
12) approximately
2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on
5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into
3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features
2) …two trees ten feet apart
3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
5) … are correlated in all racial groups
4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends
Kilo kilogram Medicare medical care
Memo memorandum email electronic mail
gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite
lib liberation newscast news broadcast
doc doctor skyjack sky hijack
vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar
prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch
auto automobile telecast television broadcast
flu influenza Oxbridge OxfordandCambridge
III. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
1) com*rized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
2.
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II. Translation
1.
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
2.
Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today
the application of com*r technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.
全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展2）
——全新版大学英语综合教程第一册课后答案完整版3篇
全新版大学英语综合教程第一册课后答案完整版1
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全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展3）
——全新版大学英语综合教程第三册课后答案-大学英语综合教程3课后答3篇
全新版大学英语综合教程第三册课后答案-大学英语综合教程3课后答1
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全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展4）
——全新版大学英语综合教程第一册第8课内容介绍3篇
全新版大学英语综合教程第一册第8课内容介绍1
Part I Pre-reading Task
Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:
1. What was the teacher"s purpose in asking his class the riddle?
2. What can you learn about Little Geoffrey from his answer to the riddle? Was he used to trying to think clearly? Had he formed the habit of making good use of his brain?
3. Is the story related to the theme of the unit — coping with an educational problem? In what way?
The following words and expressions in the recording may be new to you:
riddle
n. 谜语
scratch one"s head
挠头(表示迷惑等)
knit one"s brows
皱眉
Part II
Text
Benjamin Stein weaves a tale to bring home to young Americans the need to change the way they think about education. Read it and see whether you think it holds any lessons for us as well.
FABLE OF THE LAZY TEENAGER
Benjamin Stein
One day last fall, I ran out of file folders and went to the drugstore to buy more. I put a handful of folders on the counter and asked a teenage salesgirl how much they cost. "I don"t know," she answered. "But it"s 12 cents each."
I counted the folders. "Twenty-three at 12 cents each, that makes $2.76 before tax," I said.
"You did that in your head?" she asked in amazement. "How can you do that?"
"It"s magic," I said.
"Really?" she asked.
No modestly educated * can fail to be upset by such an experience. While our children seem better-natured than ever, they are so ignorant — and so ignorant of their ignorance — that they frighten me. In a class of 60 seniors at a private college where I recently taught, not one student could write a short paper without misspellings. Not one.
But this is just a tiny slice of the problem. The ability to perform even the simplest calculations is only a memory among many students I see, and their knowledge of world history or geography is nonexistent.
Moreover, there is a chilling indifference about all this ignorance. The attitude was summed up by a friend"s bright, lazy 16-year-old son, who explained why he preferred not to go to U.C.L.A. "I don"t want to have to compete with Asians," he said. "They work hard and know everything."
In fact, this young man will have to compete with Asians whether he wants to or not. He cannot live forever on the financial, material and human capital accumulated by his ancestors. At some point soon, his intellectual laziness will seriously affect his way of life. It will also affect the rest of us. A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force. Planes will crash. Com*rs will jam. Cars will break down.
To drive this message home to such young Americans, I have a humble suggestion: a movie, or TV series, dramatizing just how difficult it was for this country to get where it is — and how easily it could all be lost. I offer the following fable.
As the story opens, our hero, Kevin Hanley 1990, a 17-year-old high school senior, is sitting in his room, feeling bitter. His parents insist he study for his European history test. He wants to go shopping for headphones for his portable CD player. The book he is forced to read — The Wealth of Nations — puts him to sleep.
Kevin dreams it is 1835, and he is his own great-great-great-grandfather at 17, a peasant in County Kerry, Ireland. He lives in a small hut and sleeps next to a pig. He is always hungry and must search for food. His greatest wish is to learn to read and write so he might get a job as a clerk. With steady wages, he would be able to feed himself and help his family. But Hanley"s poverty allows no leisure for such luxuries as going to school. Without education and money, he is powerless. His only hope lies in his children. If they are educated, they will have a better life.
Our fable fast-forwards and Kevin Hanley 1990 is now his own great-grandfather, Kevin Hanley, 1928. He, too, is 17 years old, and he works in a steel mill in Pittsburgh. His father came to America from Ireland and helped build the New York City subway. Kevin Hanley 1928 is far better off than either his father or his grandfather. He can read and write. His wages are far better than anything his ancestors had in Ireland.
Next Kevin Hanley 1990 dreams that he is Kevin Hanley 1945, his own grandfather, fighting on Iwo Jima against a most determined foe, the Japanese army. He is always hot, always hungry, always scared. One night in a foxhole, he tells a friend why he is there: "So my son and his son can live in peace and security. When I get back, I"l1 work hard and send my boy to college so he can live by his brains instead of his back."
Then Kevin Hanley 1990 is his own father, Kevin Hanley 1966, who studies all the time so he can get into college and law school. He lives in a fine house. He has never seen anything but peace and plenty. He tells his girl friend that when he has a son, he won"t make him study all the time, as his father makes him.
At that point, Kevin Hanley 1990 wakes up, shaken by his dream. He is relieved to be away from Ireland and the steel mill and Iwo Jima. He goes back to sleep.
When he dreams again, he is his own son, Kevin Hanley 2020. There is gunfire all day and all night. His whole generation forgot why there even was law, so there is none. People pay no attention to politics, and government offers no services to the working class.
Kevin 2020"s father, who is of course Kevin 1990 himself, works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese. Kevin 2020 is a porter in a hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians. Public education stops at the sixth grade. Americans have long since stopped demanding good education for their children.
The last person Kevin 1990 sees in his dream is his own grandson. Kevin 2050 has no useful skills. Machines built in Japan do all the complex work, and there is little manual work to be done. Without education, without discipline, he cannot earn an adequate living wage. He lives in a slum where there is no heat, no plumbing, no privacy and survives by searching through trash piles.
In a word, he lives much as Kevin Hanley 1835 did in Ireland. But one day, Kevin Hanley 2050 is befriended by a visiting Japanese anthropologist studying the decline of America. The man explains to Kevin that when a man has no money, education can sup* the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital. Hard work, education, saving and discipline can do anything. "This is how we rose from the ashes after you defeated us in a war about a hundred years ago."
"America beat Japan in war?" asks Kevin 2050. He is astonished. It seems as impossible as Brazil defeating the United States would sound in 1990. Kevin 2050 swears that if he ever has children, he will make sure they work and study and learn and discipline themselves. "To be able to make a living by one"s mind instead of by stealing," he says. "That would be a miracle."
When Kevin 1990 wakes up, next to him is his copy of The Wealth of Nations. He opens it and the first sentence to catch his eye is this: "A man without the proper use of the intellectual faculties of a man is, if possible, more contemptible than even a coward."
Kevin"s father walks in. "All right, son," he says. "Let"s go look at those headphones."
"Sorry, Pop," Kevin 1990 says. "I have to study."
全新版大学英语综合教程第一册第8课内容介绍2
fable
n. 寓言
teenager
n. a person who is between 13 and 19 years old 青少年
run out of
use up or finish a sup* of (sth.) 用完，耗尽
file
n. a collection of papers on one subject 档案，卷宗
folder
n. holder for loose papers 文件夹
drugstore
n. (AmE) (兼营杂货的)药房
handful
n. 一把;少量
counter
n. 柜台
tax
n. 税
in amazement
with a feeling of great surprise or disbelief 惊讶地
modestly
ad. not in very large quantity, size, etc. 不太多，不太大，适中
upset
vt. make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy 使苦恼，使心烦意乱
ignorant
a. knowing little or nothing 无知的;不知道的
ignorance
n. 无知;愚昧
senior
n. (AmE) student in the last year of college or high school (大学或中学)毕业班的学生
slice
n. a part of sth.; a thin flat piece cut from sth. 部分;(薄薄的)一片
ability
n. 能力
nonexistent
a. not existing 不存在的
chill
v. become or make (sth. or sb.) cold (使)变冷;(使)不寒而栗
indifference
n. a lack of interest or feeling 漠不关心
sum
vt. 合计;总结;概述
sum up
总结，概括
compete
vi. 竞争
compete with/against
try to be better than (sb. else) 与…竞争
Asian
n., a. 亚洲人;亚洲(人)的
financial
a. connected with money 财政的;金融的
accumulate
v. collect, or gather together, esp. over a period of time 积累，积聚
ancestor
n. 祖先，祖宗
intellectual
a. 智力的
affect
vt. have an influence on 影响
industrial
a. 工业的
function
vi. operate; act 运作;起作用
n. 作用，功能
idle
a. lazy; not doing anything 懒散的;空闲的
jam
v. get stuck 发生故障;卡住;堵塞
break down
stop working; fail, collapse 停止运转;失败，垮了
drive home
make (sth.) clear so that people understand it 使清楚无误地理解
humble
a. 谦卑的;卑微的`
suggestion
n. sth. suggested 建议
movie
n. film 电影
dramatize
vt. write (sth.) again in a form which can be performed 将…改编为剧本，将…戏剧化
European
a., n. 欧洲(人)的;欧洲人
portable
a. light and small enough to be easily carried or moved 便携(式)的，手提(式)的
CD = compact disc
激光唱片;(计算机用的)光盘
county
n. (英国的)郡;(美国的)县
hut
n. 小屋;棚屋
search for
look for 寻找
wage
n. 工资，工钱
poverty
n. the state of being poor 贫穷，贫困
leisure
n. spare time 空闲，闲暇
luxury
n. 奢侈品;奢华;奢侈
mill
n. a factory 工厂，制造厂
subway
n. (AmE) underground railway 地铁
better off
richer; more comfortable 更富有;更舒服
foe
n. (lit) an enemy 敌人
scare
v. frighten (使)惊慌，(使)恐惧
foxhole
n. 散兵坑(小型掩体)
security
n. the state of feeling safe and free from worry 安全
wake up
stop sleeping 醒了
porter
n. (旅馆、火车站等的)搬行李工人;搬运工人
wealthy
a. rich; having wealth 富的，富裕的
complex
a. not simple 复杂的
manual
a. 体力的;手工做的
adequate
a. enough 充分的，足够的
slum▲
n. 贫民窟
plumbing
n. (水、煤气等)管道设施
privacy▲
n. the state of being alone and undisturbed (不受干扰的)独处;隐私，隐秘
trash
n. (AmE) 垃圾;废物
befriend
vt. help; act as a friend to 帮助;以朋友态度对待
decline
vi., n. 衰败，衰退;下降
acquire
vt. get 取得，获得
ash
n. 废墟;灰，灰烬
astonish
vt. surprise very much 使惊讶
swear
vt. make a serious promise about 发誓，宣誓
make a living by
靠…维持生计
miracle
n. 奇迹
faculty
n. any of the powers of the body or mind 官能
contemptible
a. 令人鄙视的，可轻蔑的
coward▲
n. 懦夫
pop
n. (infml) father
全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展5）
——全新版大学英语综合教程第二版1-4册课后答案(李荫华 著)3篇
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版1-4册课后答案(李荫华 著)1
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版1-4册课后答案(李荫华 著)2
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全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展6）
——全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第2单元课文讲解3篇
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第2单元课文讲解1
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:
1. Who is it about?
2. What happened to him one day?
3. Do you think it was worthwhile to walk two or three miles to pay back the six and a quarter cents?
4. Is the story related to the theme of the unit — values?
The following words in the recording may be new to you:
dismay
n. 沮丧，失望
disturb
vt. 使不安
conscientious
a. 认真的，尽职的
Part II
Text
Does being rich mean you live a completely different life from ordinary people? Not, it seems, if your name is Sam Walton.
THE RICHEST MAN IN AMERICA, DOWN HOME
Art Harris
He put on a dinner jacket to serve as a waiter at the birthday party of The Richest Man in America. He imagined what surely awaited: a mansion, a "Rolls-Royce for every day of the week," dogs with diamond collars, servants everywhere.
Then he was off to the house, wheeling past the sleepy town square in Bentonville, a remote Arkansas town of 9,920, where Sam Walton started with a little dime store that grew into a $6 billion discount chain called Wal-Mart. He drove down a country road, turned at a mailbox marked "Sam and Helen Walton," and jumped out at a house in the woods.
It was nice, but no palace. The furniture appeared a little worn. An old pickup truck sat in the garage and a muddy bird dog ran about the yard. He never spotted any servants.
"It was a real disappointment," sighs waiter Jamie Beaulieu.
Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it. And the 67-year-old discount king Sam Moore Walton still travels these windy back roads in his 1979 Ford pickup, red and white, bird dogs by his side, and, come shooting season, waits in line like everyone else to buy shells at the local Wal-Mart.
"He doesn"t want any special treatment," says night manager Johnny Baker, who struggles to call the boss by his first name as a recent corporate memo commands. Few here think of his billions; they call him "Mr. Sam" and accept his folksy ways. "He"s the same man who opened his dime store on the square and worked 18 hours a day for his dream," says Mayor Richard Hoback.
By all accounts, he"s friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight around.
No matter how big a time he had on Saturday night, you can find him in church on Sunday. Surely in a reserved seat, right? "We don"t have reserved seats," says Gordon Garlington III, pastor of the local church.
So where does The Richest Man in America sit? Wherever he finds a seat. "Look, he"s just not that way. He doesn"t have a set place. At a church supper the other night, he and his wife were in back washing dishes."
For 19 years, he"s used the same barber. John Mayhall finds him waiting when he opens up at 7 a.m. He chats about the national news, or reads in his chair, perhaps the Benton County Daily Democrat, another Walton property that keeps him off the front page. It buried the Forbes list at the bottom of page 2.
"He"s just not a front-page person," a newspaper employee explains.
But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something that would have made headlines any where in the world: He forgot his money. "I said, "Forget it, take care of it next time,"" says barber Mayhall. "But he said, "No, I"ll get it," and he went home for his wallet."
Wasn"t that, well, a little strange? "No sir," says Mayhall, "the only thing strange about Sam Walton is that he isn"t strange."
But just how long Walton can hold firm to his folksy habits with celebrity hunters keeping following him wherever he goes is anyone"s guess. Ever since Forbes magazine pronounced him America"s richest man, with $2.8 billion in Wal-Mart stock, he"s been a rich man on the run, steering clear of reporters, dreamers, and schemers.
"He may be the richest by Forbes rankings," says corporate affairs director Jim Von Gremp, "but he doesn"t know whether he is or not — and he doesn"t care. He doesn"t spend much. He owns stock, but he"s always left it in the company so it could grow. But the real story in his mind is the success achieved by the 100,000 people who make up the Wal-Mart team."
He"s usually back home for Friday sales meetings, or the executive pep rally Saturday morning at 7 a.m., when Walton, as he does at new store openings, is liable to jump up on a chair and lead everyone in the Wal-Mart cheer: "Give me a W! Give me an A! Give me an L! Louder!"
And louder they yell. No one admits to feeling the least bit silly. It"s all part of the Wal-Mart way of life as laid down by Sam: loyalty, hard work, long hours; get ideas into the system from the bottom up, Japanese-style; treat your people right; cut prices and margins to the bone and sleep well at night. Employees with one year on board qualify for stock options, and are urged to buy all they can.
After the pep rally, there"s bird hunting, or tennis on his backyard court. But his stores are always on his mind. One tennis guest managed to put him off his game by asking why a can of balls cost more in one Wal-Mart than another. It turned out to be untrue, but the move worked. Walton lost four straight games.
Walton set up a college scholarship fund for employees" children, a disaster relief fund to rebuild employee homes damaged by fires, floods, tornadoes, and the like. He believed in cultivating ideas and rewarding success.
"He"d say, "That fellow worked hard, let"s give him a little extra,"" recalls retired president Ferold F. Arend, who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart. "I had to change my way of thinking when I came aboard."
"The reason for our success," says Walton, in a company handout, "is our people and the way they"re treated and the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit."
Adds company lawyer Jim Hendren: "I"ve never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time who wasn"t better off. And I don"t mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It"s just something about him — coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person."
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第2单元课文讲解2
mansion▲
n. a large house, usu. belonging to a rich person (豪华的)宅邸，大厦
remote
a. far away in space or time 遥远的
dime
n. (美国、加拿大的)10分硬币
billion
num.(美、法)十亿;(英、德)万亿
discount
n. amount of money which may be taken off the full price 折扣
pickup
n. a light van having an open body with low sides 小卡车，轻型货车
muddy▲
a. covered in mud 沾满泥的;泥泞的
sigh
vi. 叹气，叹息
billionaire
n. 亿万富翁;大富翁
carry on
behave in a wild or improper way; conduct; continue 举止随便;进行;继续做
folk
n. (usu.pl) people in general 人们;人民
get away with
do (sth.) without being caught or punished 做(某事)而未被发觉或未受惩罚
shell
n. (AmE) 枪弹;炮弹;壳
local
a. of a particular place 地方的，当地的
treatment
n. 对待;待遇
corporate▲
a. 公司的
memo▲
n. a note of sth. to be remembered 备忘录
folksy
a. simple and friendly 友好的"，坦率的
mayor
n. *
by/from all accounts
according to what everyone says 人人都说
cheerful
a. (of a person) happy in a lively way; (of sth.) making one feel happy 愉快的;令人愉快的
blend
v. mix together thoroughly (将…)混合
blend in
mix harmoniously 融洽，十分协调
flashy
a. attracting attention by being too smart and decorated 浮华的，华而不实的
throw one"s weight around
(infml) 盛气凌人
reserve
vt. keep for a special use; book (a seat, room, table, etc.) 将…留作专用;预定
pastor
n. 牧师
barber
n. 理发师
open up
(infml) 开门;打开
democrat
n. 民主党人;民主主义者
employee
n. 雇员，受雇者
headline
n. (报纸上的)标题
wallet▲
n. 皮夹子
hold to
keep to 遵守，不改变
celebrity
n. famous person 名人
stock
n. 资本;股票，证券
on the run
in flight; continuously active 奔逃，逃避;忙个不停
steer
v. 驾驶
steer clear of
keep away from 避开，避免
reporter
n. 记者
schemer
n. 阴谋家
scheme
n. 阴谋;计划
ranking
n. 地位;等级
rank
v. (将…)列为(某等级)
make up
form, constitute 构成，组成
executive
n., a. 经营管理方面的(人员);行政方面的(人员)
pep
n. (infml) keen activity and energy 劲头，活力
rally
n., v. *
pep rally
a gathering intended to encourage the listeners 鼓舞士气的会议
opening
n. the act of becoming or making open, esp. officially (正式的)开张，开幕
liable
a. likely (to do sht.) 有可能做…的
yell▲
v. shout loudly 喊叫
lay down
establish 制定;设立
loyalty
n. being true and faithful (to) 忠诚
system
n. 系统
qualify
v. (使)具有资格
option
n. 期权，购买(或出售)权;选择自由
stock option
优先认股权
court
n. 球场
scholarship
n. 奖学金
tornado
n. 龙卷风
cultivate
vt. improve by care, training or study; develop 培养，陶冶
reward
v. give (sth.) to sb. in return for work or services 奖赏
retired
a. (of a person) having stopped working, usu. because of age 退休了的
retire
v. (使)退休
stun▲
vt. make (sb.) very surprised 使惊吓
generosity
n. the quality of being willing to give money, help, etc. 慷慨，大方
stingy
a. unwilling to spend money 吝啬的
employer
n. 雇佣者，雇主
aboard
adv., prep. on or into (a ship, train, aircraft, bus, etc.) 在(船、车、飞机等)上
come aboard
(fig) become a new member of an organization 入伙，加盟
handout
n. information given out in the form of a printed sheet, leaflet 印刷品，宣传品
deserve
vt. be worthy of 应受，值得
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第2单元课文讲解3
Art Harris
阿特·哈里斯
Rolls-Royce
罗尔斯-罗伊斯汽车
Bentonville
本顿维尔(美国地名)
Arkansas
(美国)阿肯色州
Sam Moore Walton
萨姆·穆尔·沃尔顿
Wal-Mart
沃尔玛公司
Jamie Beaulieu
杰米·鲍尤
Ford
福特汽车
Johnny Baker
乔尼·贝克
Richard Hoback
理查德·霍巴克
Gordon Garlington III
戈登·加林顿第三
Mayhall
梅霍
Benton County
本顿县(美国地名)
Forbes
福布斯(杂志名)
Jim Von Gremp
吉姆·冯·格雷姆普
Ferold F·Arend
费罗尔德·F·阿伦德
Jim Hendren
吉姆·亨德伦
全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展7）
——新版大学英语综合教程第一册章节6课文解读 (菁选2篇)
新版大学英语综合教程第一册章节6课文解读1
Part I Pre-reading Task
Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:
1. What do you know about Michael Jackson?
2. How does he feel about Ben? Why?
3. Do you think the song Ben reveals something about the relationship between man and animals? If so, what is it?
4. Is the song related to the theme of the unit — animal intelligence? How?
Part II
Text
Food, warmth, sleep? Their thoughts may be much deeper than that.
WHAT ANIMALS REALLY THINK
Euqene Linden
Over the years, I have written extensively about animal-intelligence experiments and the controversy that surrounds them. Do animals really have thoughts, what we call consciousness? Wondering whether there might be better ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think, they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.
And so I started talking to vets, animal researchers, zoo keepers. Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it, and the lack of it, every day. The stories they tell us reveal what I"m convinced is a new window on animal intelligence: the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet — humans.
Let"s Make a Deal
Consider the time Charlene Jendry, a conservationist at the Columbus Zoo, learned that a female gorilla named Colo was handling a suspicious object. Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts, only to be met with a blank stare. Realizing they were negotiating, Jendry raised the stakes and offered a piece of pineapple. At this point, while maintaining eye contact, Colo opened her hand and revealed a key chain.
Relieved it was not anything dangerous or valuable, Jendry gave Colo the pineapple. Careful bargainer that she was, Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring. Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece?
If an animal can show skill in trading one thing for another, why not in handling money? One orangutan named Chantek did just that in a sign-language study undertaken by anthropologist Lyn Miles at the University of Tennessee. Chantek figured out that if he did tasks like cleaning his room, he"d earn coins to spend on treats and rides in Miles"s car. But the orangutan"s understanding of money seemed to extend far beyond simple dealings. Miles first used plastic chips as coins, but Chantek decided he could expand the money sup* by breaking chips in two. When Miles switched to metal chips, Chantek found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies.
Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing. Indeed, when I caught up with the orangutan at Zoo Atlanta, where he now lives, I saw an example of sharing that anyone might envy. When Miles gave Chantek some grapes and asked him to share them, Chantek promptly ate all the fruit. Then, as if he"d just remembered he"d been asked to share, he handed Miles the stem.
Tale of a Whale
Why would an animal want to cooperate with a human? Behaviorists would say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so. This is true, but I don"t think it goes far enough.
Gail Laule, a consultant on animal behavior, speaks of Orky, a killer whale, she knew. "Of all the animals I"ve worked with, he was the most intelligent," she says. "He would assess a situation and then do something based on the judgments he made."
Like the time he helped save a family member. When Orky"s mate, Corky, gave birth, the baby did not thrive at first, and keepers took the little whale out of the tank by stretcher for emergency care. Things began to go wrong when they returned the baby whale to the tank. As the workers halted the stretcher a few meters above the water, the baby suddenly began throwing up through its mouth. The keepers feared it would choke, but they could not reach the baby to help it.
Apparently sizing up the problem, Orky swam under the stretcher and allowed one of the men to stand on his head, something he"d never been trained to do. Then, using his tail to keep steady, Orky let the keeper reach up and release the 420-pound baby so that it could slide into the water within reach of help.
Primate Shell Game
Sometimes evidence of intelligence can be seen in attempts to deceive. Zoo keeper Helen Shewman of Seattle"s Woodland Park Zoo recalls that one day she dropped an orange through a feeding hole for Melati, an orangutan. Instead of moving away to get it, Melati looked Shewman in the eye and held out her hand. Thinking the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible, Shewman gave her another one. But when Melati moved off, Shewman noticed the original orange was hidden in her other hand.
Towan, the colony"s dominant male, watched this whole trick, and the next day he, too, looked Shewman in the eye and pretended that he had not yet received an orange. "Are you sure you don"t have one?" Shewman asked. He continued to hold her gaze steadily and held out his hand. Giving in, she gave him another one, then saw that he had been hiding his orange underneath his foot.
What is intelligence anyway? If life is about survival of a species — and intelligence is meant to serve that survival — then we can"t compare with pea-brained sea turtles, which were here long before us and survived the disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs. Still, it is comforting to realize that other species besides our own can stand back and assess the world around them, even if their horizons are more limited than ours.
新版大学英语综合教程第一册章节6课文解读2
extensively
ad. to a large extent, or in a large amount 广泛地;大量地
intelligence
n. 智力
intelligent
a. 聪明的，有才智的"
controversy
n. 争论，争议
surround
vt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.) 围绕;包围
consciousness
n. 意识
explore
vt. examine thoroughly, learn about 探究，探索
obvious
a. easy to see and understand; clear 明显的
vet
n. 兽医
encounter
vt. meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到，遭遇
reveal
vt. make (sth.) known 展示;揭露
convince
vt. make (sb.) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence 使确信，使信服
feat▲
n. 技艺;业绩，功绩
captivity
n. 被俘;监禁;束缚
dominant
a. ruling; most important or strongest 统治的;占优势的
species
n. (单复同)物种
make a deal
reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 达成交易
conservationist
n. 自然资源保护论者
female
a. 雌的;女(性)的
n. 雌性的动物或植物;女人
gorilla
n. 大猩猩
suspicious▲
a. causing or showing a feeling that sth. is wrong 可疑的;猜疑的
peanut▲
n. 花生
blank
a. without expression; without writing, or other marks 没有表情的;空白
negotiate
vi. discuss in order to come to an agreement 谈判，协商
stake
n. (usu.pl) 奖品;奖金;赌注
pineapple
n. 凤梨，菠萝
maintain
vt. continue to do or have (sth.) 保持;继续
relieve
vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) 使减轻痛苦或焦虑等;减轻(痛苦或焦虑等)
link
n. 链环;环节;联系
v. join or connect 联系，连接
orangutan
n. 猩猩
undertake
vt. (undertook, undertaken) carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc.) 从事;承担(任务等)
anthropologist
n. 人类学者
figure out
understand; reason out 理解;推断出
extend
v. (cause to) stretch or reach; make larger or longer 延伸，伸展;扩大;加长
dealing
n. (usu.pl) business relations 交易，买卖
plastic
a. 塑料的
chip
n. 薄片;碎片;集成电路片
expand
v. (cause to) grow larger 扩大，扩展
switch
v. change; shift 转换，变换
foil▲
n. 金属薄片，箔
virtuous
a. showing moral goodness 有道德的;善良的
envy
vt., n. 妒忌;羡慕
grape
n. 葡萄
promptly
ad. immediately 立即地
stem
n. 茎，(树)干，(叶)梗
whale
n. 鲸
cooperate
vi. act or work together 合作，协作
behaviorist
n. 行为主义者
in sb."s interest(s)
to sb."s advantage 为了某人的利益
go far
help very much; achieve much success 帮助很大;很有成效
consultant
n. 顾问
behavior
n. the way one acts or behaves 举止，行为
assess
vt. judge the quality, importance or worth of 评估，估量
judgment
n. 判断;意见，看法
mate
n. 配偶;伙伴，同事
thrive
vi. grow strong and healthy; develop well 茁壮成长;兴旺
at first
at the beginning 起先
stretcher
n. 担架
emergency
n. an unexpected and dangerous happening which must be dealt with at once 紧急情况;突然事件
go wrong
stop developing well 有毛病，出故障
halt
v. (cause to) stop 停住，停止
throw up
(infml) vomit 呕吐
apparently
ad. it is clear (that) 明显地
size up
carefully examine (a situation or person) in order to make a judgement 估量，判断
release
vt. set free 释放
slide
v. (cause to) move smoothly along a surface (使)滑动
primate
n. 灵长目动物
evidence
n. sth. that gives a reason for believing sth.; trace 证据;迹象
deceive
v. try to make(sb.) believe sth. that is false 欺骗
inaccessible
a. very difficult or impossible to reach 达不到的;难得到的
original
a. first or earliest 最初的;原始的
colony
n. (生长在同一地方的动物或植物)群，群体;殖民地
male
n. 雄性动物或植物;男子
a. 雄的;男(性)的
gaze
n., v. 凝视，注视
give in
让步;屈服;投降
underneath
prep., ad. under or below 在…下面，在…底下
pea-brained
a. 笨的
turtle
n. (海)龟
survive
v. remain alive in spite of; continue to live or exist after 幸免于;继续存在，幸存
survival n.
disaster
n. an event causing great suffering and damage 灾难
wipe out
get rid of or destroy 消灭，消除
dinosaur
n. 恐龙
horizon
n. 眼界，见识;地*线
全新版大学英语读写教程第一至四册课后答案和翻译上海外语教育3篇（扩展8）
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